不定式to的六種用法

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不定式to的六種用法

    動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式,其結構為“to+動詞原形”,其中to是其符號,它沒有人稱和數的變化。動詞不定式在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。 具體用法如下:        1、用於動詞、名詞(代詞)或形容詞後,使意思完整       

例如: we all tried to leave.(to在動詞tried之後)        我們都試圖離開。     

It was starting to rain.(to在動名詞starting之後)        開始下雨了。        Are you ready to start.(to在形容詞ready之後)        你準備好開始了嗎       Have you got permission to stay here?(to在名詞permission之後)        

The teacher asked them to leave.(to在代詞them之後)        老師要求他們離開。

2、代替不定式單獨使用,以避免重複使用同一個動詞。       

例如: You can play basketball now if you want to(=if you want to play basketball).       

I could have helped,but nobody asked me to(=nobody asked me to help.      3、to用於who,how,what,where或whether之後,表示某人某個不確定的行為。

例如: I know where to go but I don't know how to get there.        我知道去什麼地方,但我不知道怎樣去。       

She wonders whether or not to trust him.        她不知道該不該信任他。        4、表示目的和用途        

例如:They left early to catch the 5:30 train.        他們早早動身去趕5:30的火車。       

5、用於描述某種行為或狀態       

例如: It's nice to be wanted.       

6、用於be動詞之後,表示下指令或説明未來的安排。       

例如: You are to wait here until I return.        你要在這兒等到我回來。

動詞不定式的結構:

肯定:to+動詞原型

否定:not to+動詞原型

注意:動詞不定式可以有時態和語態的變化哦~

1)作主語 一般用it作形式主語,放句子開頭。 自己呆在謂語的後面。

如:It's right to give up smoking.

( is right 系表結構做謂語,it為形式主語)

2)作賓語

a: I decided to do my homework on my own.

主語:I

謂語:decided(一般過去時)

賓語:不定式 to do my homework

狀語:on my own

b: 如果帶有賓語補足語,往往用it做形式賓語,不定式短語放在賓語補足語後。

I find it interesting to study English.

主語:I

謂語:find

賓語:it做形式賓語

賓語補足語:interesting

真正的賓語:不定式to study English

(decide,plan,desire,expect,hope,wish,pretend,promise,refuse,afford,agree,ask,fail,tend,manage等動詞只能用不定式做賓語)

如:Promise not to tell anyone!

He promised to forward my mail.

We desire to live in such a big house.

3)做賓語補足語

She asked me to fix the sink.

主語:She

謂語:asked(一般過去時)

賓語:me

賓語補足語:不定式 to fix the sink

注意:如果謂語動詞是 feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞,不定式不帶to,但如果以上的謂語動詞為被動語態,就必須帶to。

如:I often hear him sing in the classroom. 主動語態

He is often heard to sing in the classroom. 被動語態

注意:如果 1)不定式前有but,並且有實義動詞do的各種形式時,不定式不帶to。

2)can't choose but+動詞原型

只能做。。。

can't help but+動詞原型

忍不住做

如:They can't help but burst into laughter.

4)做定語

1、如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,或者不定式做定語修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的動作地點,工具等,不定式後要有相應的介詞。

如He is looking for a room to live in.

時態:現在進行時 be doing 結構

主語:he

謂語:look for 動詞短語做謂語

賓語:a room

定語:這裏不定式to live in,修飾賓語 room。

因為live在這裏為不及物動詞,所以不要遺漏介詞in哦~

2、由only,first,last,next以及序數詞,形容詞最高級修飾的名詞和單詞後

常用不定式做後置定語。

Who was the first one to solve the problem?

5)做狀語

表示原因:We were very excited to hear the news.

表示結果:He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

表示條件:To cooperate with him,you would(比will委婉) like him.

=If you cooperate with him,you will like him.(if引導的條件狀語從句,主將從現)

表示目的:I came here to see you.

目的狀語還可以用 in order to,so as to(不放句首)表達。

6)做表語

My job is to help the patient.

7)與疑問詞連用,如how to,what to等。。在句中起名詞作用。

與why/why not連用時,不帶to。

How to solve the problem is very important.

He didn't know what to say.

Why not have a rest

動詞不定式的時態

一般時:

不定式的動作,和主要謂語動詞表示的動作(幾乎)同時或在之後發生。

主動:to do

如:I’m glad to see you.

被動:to be done

如:The house needs to be repaired.

進行時:不定式的動作正在發生。

如:I’m glad to be talking with you.

I happened to be walking in the forest when a hunter shot me in the leg.

完成時:動作發生在主要謂語動作或某個特定時間之前

主動:to have done

如:I intended to have telephoned you,but I forgot to.

I am sorry to have killed so many animals.

被動:to have been done

如:These books are said to have been given to students.

不定式的主動形式可以表被動,強調“人的行為”。

1、主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+to do

She has a meeting to attend. 強調她參加會議。

2、主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語+to do

I’ll give her some books to read.

3、 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓補+to do

I found the fellow hard to get along with.

4、 特殊疑問詞+to do

The question is what to do next.

5、 There be 句型,強調“人去做某件事”

There is a lot of work to do.

6、 It/This/That is +a/an +adj. +名詞+to do

This is a hard question to answer.

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